An array is a collection of data items of the some type. Items are store at contiguous memory location. It can also store the collection of derive data types, such as Pointer, structures, etc. A one dimensional array is like a list. A two dimensional array is like a table. The C languages places on limit on the number of dimensions in an array. Some texts refer to one dimensional array as vectors, and Two dimensional array as matrices and use the general term array when the number of dimensions is unspecified or unimportant. The name of the array represent by square brackets [].
Types of Array
- One dimensional array
- Two dimensional array
One dimensional Array
Only one row for storing data is knows as One dimensional Array.
Declaration of C Array
- data_type array_name[array_size];
Example of Declaration of C array
int marks[42]
Initialization of C Array
An array can be initializes in two ways
- Compile time initialization
- Runtime initialization
Compile time initialization
Example
#include<stdio.h> int main ( ){ int x[6] = {100 , 200, 300 , 400 , 500 , 600 }; int y; printf ("elements of the array"); for ( y=0; y<6; y++) printf ("%d \n", x[y]); }
Output
Runtime initialization
Example
#include<stdio.h> main ( ){ int x[5],i; printf ("enter 5 elements"); for ( i=0; i<5; i++) scanf("%d\n", &x[i]); printf("elements of the array are"); for (i=0; i<5; i++) printf("%d\n ", x[i]); }
Output
Example
C program for one dimensional array
input value
#include <stdio.h> int main(void){ int x[3]; int y[3] = {1}; int z[3] = {1,2,3}; int i; printf("\nArray x:\n"); for( i=0; i<3; i++ ) printf("rom[%d]: %d\n",i,x[i]); printf("\nArray y:\n"); for( i=0; i<3; i++) printf("rom[%d]: %d\n",i,y[i]); printf("\nArray z:\n"); for( i=0; i<3; i++ ) printf("rom[%d]: %d\n",i, z[i]); return 0; }
Output
Two Dimensional Array
Two or more than two row is called multi dimension array. It is also known as Matrix.
Declaration of two dimensional Array
data_type array_name[rows][columns];
Example
int twodimen[4][3];
Initialization of 2D Array
An array can be initializes in two ways
- Compile time initialization
- Runtime initialization
Compile time initialization
Example
input value
#include<stdio.h> int main(){ int x=0,y=0; int arr[4][3]={{4,5,6},{7,8,9},{1,2,3},{4,5,6}}; for(x=0;x<4;x++){ for(y=0;y<3;y++){ printf("arr[%d] [%d] = %d \n",x,y,arr[x][y]); } } return 0; }
output
Runtime initialization
Example
Input value
#include <stdio.h> void main () { int arr[4][4],x,y; for (x=0;x<4;x++) { for (y=0;y<4;y++) { printf("Enter p[%d][%d]: ",x,y); scanf("%d",&arr[x][y]); } } printf("\n printing the elements ....\n"); for(x=0;x<4;x++) { printf("\n"); for (y=0;y<4;y++) { printf("%d\t",arr[x][y]); } } }
Output
Return array to function
C programming does not allow to return an entire array as an argument to a function is knows as Return array .
There are three right ways of returning an array to a function:
- Dynamically allocated array
- Static array
- Structure array
Example
#include <stdio.h> int* getEvenNumbers(int N){ static int evenNumberArray[100]; int i, even = 2; for(i=0; i<N; i++){ evenNumberArray[i] = even; even += 2; } return evenNumberArray; } int main(){ int *array, counter; array = getEvenNumbers(20); printf("Even Numbers\n"); for(counter=0; counter<20; counter++){ printf("%d\n", array[counter]); } return 0; }
Ouput
Passing Array to Function in C
Syntax
functionname(arrayname);
Methods to declare a function
There are three ways:-
First Way
return_type function(type arrayname[])
Second Way
return_type function(type arrayname[SIZE])
Third Way
return_type function(type *arrayname)
Example
Input Value
#include<stdio.h> int minarray(int arr[],int size){ int min=arr[0]; int i=0; for(i=1;i<size;i++){ if(min>arr[i]){ min=arr[i]; } } return min; } int main(){ int i=0,min=0; int numbers[]={52,57,70,325,84,97,40}; min=minarray(numbers,7); printf("minimum number is %d \n",min); return 0; }
Output
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