OOPs in Python

OOPs in Python stand for Object-oriented programming aims to implement real-world entities like inheritance, polymorphism, etc in programming. The main aim of OOP is to bind together the data and the functions that operate on them so that no other part of the code can access this data except that function.

• Class
• Object
• Method
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Data Abstraction
• Encapsulation

Class

Class is nothing but combination of data and method related with a things. So we can say that class is use for encapsulating data and method together in one unit. Class is the logical structure to create the objects. It is the user define data type.

Object

Object is nothing but instance of class. It we want to use the class data method then we have to create object.

class key:
  x = ("basic engineer")

a = key()
print(a.x)

Example of Object and class in Python

Let’s run the code

Inheritance

Inheritance in Java is the way of code reusability this provides the facility to establish a relation between two classes as parent-child or base-derived. In this relation base will provides its non-private data and functions to the derived class.

• Subclass  /Child – This class that inherits from another class.
• Superclass  /Parent – This class being inherited from.

class book:  
    def read(self):  
        print("HTML")  
class notebook(book):  
    def write(self):  
        print("HTML notebook")  
d = notebook()  
d.write()  
d.read()  

Example of Inheritance in Python

Let’s run the code

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is a process of wrapping code and data together into a single unit, it is know as Encapsulation. It is refers to the practice of hiding the internal details of an object from the outside world and providing a public interface for interacting with the object. In Python, encapsulation is achieved through the use of private and protected methods and variables.

Example of encapsulation

class BankAccount:
    def __init__(self, balance):
        self.__balance = balance
    
    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.__balance += amount
        return self.__balance
    
    def withdraw(self, amount):
        if amount > self.__balance:
            return "Insufficient balance"
        self.__balance -= amount
        return self.__balance
    
    def get_balance(self):
        return self.__balance
    
    def __str__(self):
        return f"Balance: {self.__balance}"

my_account = BankAccount(1500)
print(my_account.get_balance())
print(my_account.deposit(1500))
print(my_account.withdraw(3000)) 
print(my_account.withdraw(700)) 
print(my_account) 

A Example of encapsulation

Example of encapsulation

Polymorphism

Polymorphism is derive from two Greek word :- poly and morphs. The word poly means ‘many’ and morphs means ‘forms’. Polymorphism is One thing with many forms.

class X():
    def show(self):
        print("HTML")
         
class Y():
    def show(self):
        print("Python")
         
# Driver's code
x = X()
x.show()
y = Y()
y.show()

Example of Polymorphism in Python

Let’s run the code

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