C Strings with Examples

String in C programming is a sequence of characters with a null character ‘\0’. Strings are defines as an array of characters is knows as Strings. Strings are actually one-dimensional array.

Declare

There are two ways to declare a string in c language.

• By char array
• By string literal

The example of declaring string by char array in C language.

char ch[12]={‘b’, ‘a’, ‘s’, ‘i’, ‘c’, ‘e’, ‘n’, ‘g’, ‘i’, ‘e’, ‘e’, ‘r’, ‘\0’};

 Array index starts from 0, so it will be represented as in the figure

String Example in C

Input Value

#include<stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>    
int main(){    
  char h[12]={'b', 'a', 's', 'i', 'c', 'e', 'n', 'g', 'i', 'e', 'e', 'r', '\0'};    
   char r[12]="basicengieer";    
    
   printf("Char Array : %s\n", h);    
   printf("String Literal : %s\n", r);    
 return 0;    
}  

Output Value

Traversing String

Traversing the string is one of the most important aspects in any of the C programming language. It is somewhat different from the traversing an integer array.

There are two ways to traverse a string

• Using the length of string.
• Using the null character.

Using the length of string

Example

input value

#include<stdio.h>  
void main ()  
{  
    char s[13] = "Basicengieer";  
    int i = 0;   
    int count = 0;  
    while(i<13)  
    {  
        if(s[i]=='a' || s[i] == 'i' || s[i] == 'e' || s[i] == 'i' || s[i] == 'e' ||s[i] == 'e')  
        {  
            count ++;  
        }  
        i++;  
    }  
    printf("The number of vowels %d",count);  
}  

Output value

Using the null character

Example

Input value

#include<stdio.h>  
void main ()  
{  
    char s[13] = "Basicengieer";  
    int i = 0;   
    int count = 0;  
    while(s[i] != NULL)  
    {  
        if(s[i]=='a' || s[i] == 'i' || s[i] == 'e' || s[i] == 'i' || s[i] == 'e' ||s[i] == 'e')  
        {  
            count ++;  
        }  
        i++;  
    }  
    printf("Number of vowels %d",count);  
}  

Output Value

C gets() and puts() functions

It is declare in the header file stdio.h. Both the functions are involve in the i/o operations of the strings.

Gets() function

gets() function is define in the <stdio.h> header file of C. C library also facilitate a special function to read a string from a user is knows as Get() function. This function is represent as gets() function.

Syntax

• char[] gets(char[]); 

Example

Input value

#include <stdio.h>

int main () {
   char rom[20];

   printf("Enter a string : ");
   gets(rom);

   printf("You enter: %s", rom);

   return(0);
}

Output Value

Puts() Function

puts() function is define in the <stdio.h> header file of C. C library also facilitate a special function to print a string on the console screen is knows as puts() function. This function is represent as puts() function.

Syntax

• int puts(char[]);

Example

Input value

#include<stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>    
int main(){    
char string[50];    
printf("Enter a string: ");    
gets(string);     
printf("you enter: ");    
puts(string);      
return 0;    
}    

Output Value

C String Functions

Function	Description
strcpy	The copy the source string to destination string.
strcat	It is a concatenates first string with second string.
strlen	The returns the length of string name.
strcmp	It is a compares the first string with second string.
strlwr	String characters in lowercase.
strupr	String characters in Uppercase.

strcpy Function

Example

Input value

#include<stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>    
int main(){    
 char r[15]={'b', 'a', 's', 'i', 'c', 'e', 'n', 'g', 'i', 'e', 'e', 'r', '\0'};    
   char t[15];    
   strcpy(t,r);    
   printf("second string : %s",t);    
 return 0;    
}    

Output value

strcat Function

Example

Input value

#include<stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>    
int main(){    
  char y[15]={'b', 'a', 's', 'i', 'c', 'e', 'n', 'g', 'i', 'e', 'e', 'r', '\0'};    
   char u[15]={'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};    
   strcat(y,u);    
   printf("Value of first string is: %s",y);    
 return 0;    
}    

Output value

strlen Function

Example

Input value

#include<stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>    
int main(){    
char ch[20]={'b', 'a', 's', 'i', 'c', 'e', 'n', 'g', 'i', 'e', 'e', 'r', '\0'};
   printf("Length of string is: %d",strlen(ch));    
 return 0;    
}    

Output value

strcmp Function

Example

Input value

Output value

unequal Output value

Equal output value

strlwr

Example

Input value

#include<stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>    
int main(){    
  char rom[52];    
  printf("Enter string: ");    
  gets(rom);      
  printf("\nLower String is: %s",strlwr(rom));    
 return 0;    
}    

Output value

strupr Function

Example

Input value

#include<stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>    
int main(){    
  char rom[52];    
  printf("Enter string: ");    
  gets(rom);      
  printf("\nUpperCase String is: %s",strupr(rom));    
 return 0;    
}    

Output value

strrev Function

Example

Input Value

#include<stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>    
int main(){    
  char x[58];    
  printf("Enter string: ");    
  gets(x);     
  printf("\nReverse String is: %s",strrev(x));    
 return 0;    
}  

Output value

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To know more about C Programming language please Wikipedia click here .

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